Trogoderma granarium is native to an area extending from burma to west africa. Mexico, as well as in baja california, mexico, but has not been found in other states. In its broadest sense, a pest is a competitor of humanity. Without the activities of insects, human life on earth would eventually be extinguished. The oil analyzed by thin layer chromatography, the results of phytochemical analysis indicated that the.
Trogoderma granarium troggaworld distribution eppo. Synopsis of the economic species of trogoderma occurring in the united states with description of a new species coleoptera. Heliothis armigera,papilio demoleus, sitophilus oryzae, trogoderma granarium, callosobruchus chinensis. According to the results, the insects reared on triticale had shortest development time. The biology of the dermestid beetles trogoderma granarium everts and trogoderma versicolor creutz. Its northern most range extends to the 35 parallel and to the equator to the south. Biology and control of the khapra beetle, trogoderma. In connection with the suppression program in progress since 1955, an experimental culture of khapra beetle has. Insecticidal effects of some aqueous plant extracts on the. Trogoderma granarium georgia invasive species task force. Khapra beetle and associated host material are regulated by the usda under authority of 7 cfr 319. The biology of the dermestid beetles, trogoderma granarium. Eggs and beetles oftrogoderma granaria proved highly resistant to extreme conditions of relative humidity. It is supposed to be a major pest of wheat in indian subcontinent and also in some of the western countries like usa, uk and germany.
The khapra beetle, trogoderma granarium, is a voracious feeder of stored products and is considered one of the most important quarantine pests globally. Trogoderma granarium everts, is a global pest species of stored grain products. The origin of insect is stated to be india and was first reported from punjab and haryana states. Trogoderma inclusum leconte, 1854 tsn 188484 french common names. Animals, invertebrates insects beetles other beetles. Documents about trogoderma granarium trogga number title download. Bioassays and methodologies for insecticide tests with larvae. The khapra beetle is one of the most notorious primary insect pests for stored grains 3. The khapra beetle, trogoderma granarium everts, a serious pest of stored grains and other food products in india and elsewhere, has recently been found in 23 counties of california, arizona, and new mexico. Trogoderma granarium troggadocuments eppo global database. Insects free fulltext bioassays and methodologies for. Dermestidae, is a serious pest of grain and other stored products through the world.
Khapra beetle at center for environmental and regulatory information systems. The potential for introduction and establishment of exotic species threatens a wide range of agricultural interests in the united states. Its ability to survive for long periods under extreme conditions facilitates its spread through international commerce, which has led to invasions of new geographic regions. Biology and taxonomy of the nearctic species of trogoderma. On the basis of the antennal receptor potentials and the extent of attraction and copulation induced in unmated male khapra beetles, z and e14methyl8hexadecenal were recognized as the most important components of the pheromone system of femaletrogoderma granarium everts, and were named z and etrogodermal.
Biology and systematics of trogoderma species with special. Trogoderma granarium is considered one of the world most destructive pests of grain products and seeds. Biology and control of trogoderma granarium everts1. It can be found in warehouses, mills, breweries and malt factories. Insect pests cause damage to stored grain and processed products by reducing dry weight and nutritional value. Accurate identification of trogoderma specimens trapped within stores of grain is critical to. Infestations are difficult to control because of the insects ability to survive without food for long periods, its preference for dry conditions and. Bioassays and methodologies for insecticide tests with. Article pdf available in pakistan journal of agricultural sciences 443. In this research, effect of five host diets including barley, rice, rye, wheat and walnut was studied on some of biological traits, nutritional indices and digestive enzymatic activity of t.
Dermestidae, is a serious pest of stored products and is the only stored product insect pest that triggers a quarantine response when it is found in the united states. Proceedings of the tenth international congress of entomology, vol. Dermestidae, is known as one of the mostserious pests of grains in many parts of the world. Dermestidae is a serious pest of stored grains and stored products groundnut, cotton, barley, rice, millet, sesame, sorghum, wheat, maize.
In this study, the effect of nine barley cultivars bahman,cb8410, fajr 30, makuyi, nosrat, yousof, a1, 18a1, and 19 a1 and a. Trogoderma print iconographia zoologica special collections university of amsterdam ubainv0274 001 03 0049. It can infest a wide variety of products 1,2 and larvae can enter diapause and remain in that state for years when food resources are scarce. Dermestidae on ten diets barley, corn, millet, rice, rye, sorghum, triticale, wheat groundnut, and walnut were studied under laboratory conditions 33 1 c with 65 5% rh, 14l. Factsheet trogoderma granarium everts, 1899 khapra beetle. Biology and systematics of trogoderma species with special reference to morphological and molecular diagnostic techniques for identification of trogoderma pest species. Trogoderma granarium will feed on most dried plant or animal matter. Eeny372 khapra beetle, trogoderma granarium everts insecta.
The khapra beetle, trogoderma granarium everts, is a global pest species of stored grain products. While khapra beetle is not known to occur in the u. World distribution of trogoderma granarium trogga eppo global database. Lossescaused by khapra trogoderma granarium have been reported to range from 0. Descriptions, biology, and notes on the identification oi. Trogoderma granarium, the khapra beetle zoology for ias. Pm100228 eppo a1 and a2 lists of pests recommended for regulation as quarantine pests 2019. Khapra beetle, trogoderma granarium everts coleoptera. It can infest a wide variety of products 1, 2 and larvae can enter diapause and remain in that state for years when food resources are scarce 3. Pdf molecular identification of trogoderma granarium.
It thrives on hot, dry conditions and has proved exceptionally difficult to control. Scientific research and essays effectiveness of using. Even with the application of strict quarantine measures, these grain beetles still find their way into new countries and cause imposition of onerous restrictions on exports. Media in category trogoderma the following 6 files are in this category, out of 6 total. The khapra beetle, trogoderma grananum everts, was first found established in california in 1953 and was subsequently detected in arizona and new. A pest is an animal which harms humans or human concerns. However, trogoderma granarium prefer grain and cereal products, particularly wheat, barley, oats, rye, maize, rice, flour, malt and noodles.
The state department of agriculture is conducting an eradication program against it in california. Biology and control of trogoderma granarium everts1 journal. Different diets affecting biology, physiology and cold. New insecticide treatment options would be beneficial for control programs for trogoderma granarium everts, the khapra beetle, in the united states. Larvae also leave cast skin in the grains, reducing their marketability. Evaluation of pyrethroid insecticides and insect growth. Trogoderma inclusum leconte, 1854 larger cabinet beetle taxonomic status. Trogoderma granarium everts, the khapra beetle, is one of the most destructive stored product pests of stored commodities and processed goods throughout the world.
The khapra beetle trogoderma granarium everts is one of the worlds most destructive pests of grain products and seeds. The warehouse beetle tends to be very active and can develop at a rapid rate. It is considered one of the 100 worst invasive species in the world. The distribution and economic importance of each species are discussed. Different diets affecting biology and digestive physiology of. Pest biology simple english wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Life cycle mated females live 47 days, while unmated females live from 2030 days. Study of beneficial insects, their life stages and products. The biology of the dermestid beetles, trogoderma granarium everts and trogoderma versicolor creutz.
The khapra beetle, trogoderma granarium everts coleoptera. The khapra beetle, a major storedproduct and food pest in large swatches of asia and africa, has been listed as one of the 100 worst invasive species in the world. The larva is the most destructive life stage, as the adults only live. Borzoui, ehsan, bahram naseri, and foroogh rahimi namin. Both adult and larva cause damage to the grains by chewing a hole and eating up kernel. The biscuit beetle trogoderma granarium, also called cabinet beetle, which originated in south asia, is one of the worlds most destructive pests of grain products and seeds. This document is eeny372 originally published as dpi entomology circular 262, one of a series of the department of entomology and nematology. Dermestidae, is a serious pest of grains and other stored food products athanassiou et al. Essential oils extracted from two medicinal plants peganum harmala and rhanterium epapposum native to the arabian peninsula specially saudi arabia, were evaluated for their larvicidal effects and emergence of khapra beetle trogoderma granarium adults. The genus trogoderma contains some of the worlds most serious invasive pests of wheat and other stored grain products. Distribution and establishment of trogoderma granarium everts coleoptera. In its broadest sense, a pest is a competitor of humanity top ten pests.
Ali, abid, farooq ahmad, antonio biondi, yusha wang, and nicolas desneux. They can feed on products with as little as 2% moisture content and can develop on animal matter such as dead mice, dried blood and. Different diets affecting biology and digestive physiology of the khapra beetle, trogoderma granarium everts coleoptera. A theoretical evaluation of the potential range and importance of trogoderma granarium everts in north america col. In connection with the suppression program in progress since 1955, an experimental culture of khapra beetle has been reared in. In particular some oviposition and egg development were observed even at and close to 0% r. National khapra beetle survey, taxonomic, and specimen. Contents page key to larvae of nearctic species of trogoderma 3 descriptions and discussions of larvae of trogodei ma species 4 trogoderma granarium everts 4 trogoderma glabrum herbst 6 trogoderma irroratum reitter 7 trogoderma teukton beal 9 trogoderma inclusum leconte 11 trogoderma parahile beal h trogoderma sinistrum fall 15. Study of damage caused by commonly occurring insect pests. Khapra beetle, trogoderma granarium everts insecta. Olfactory behavior and receptor potentials of the khapra.
Aphis factsheet plant protection and quarantine march 2012 restrictions on certain products imported from countries where khapra beetle is known to occur the u. Serious pest of stored wheat, groundnut and other grains, such as maize, rice, oat, jowar and occasionally pulses. Nutritional physiology of the khapra beetle, trogoderma granarium everts coleoptera. Fungi are prominent in their list, and it is more usual to call. Pm100221 phosphine fumigation of stored products to control. Nutritional physiology of the khapra beetle, trogoderma. The khapra beetle, trogoderma granarium everts hilgardia. A contribution to the ecology of trogoderma granaria everts. Different diets affecting biology and digestive physiology. Morphometric analysis and reproductive system studies of. A contribution to the genus trogoderma from madagascar coleoptera. Trogoderma species, it is the most commonly found in dried grains and other stored foods but is also found in homes and museums. Two of the most serious trogoderma pest species are trogoderma granarium everts and trogoderma.
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